Eksperimentalna analiza procesa sušenja primjenom toplinske energije u tekstilnoj industriji

master's thesis

• Title (english): EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DRYING PROCESS APPLYING HEAT ENERGY IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• Author: Ivana Dorotić
• Mentor: Ivana Špelić (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Rolich (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Špelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bosiljka Šaravanja (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lea Botteri (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Textile Technology; (Department of Basic Natural and Technical Sciences); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Textile Technology

Abstract

Proces sušenja istovremeno predstavlja prijenos topline i tvari te potencijalnu izmjenu fizikalno - strukturnih svojstva materijala, koji je podvrgnut tom procesu. U tekstilnoj industriji procesi sušenja najčešće obuhvaćaju postupak uklanjanja vlage iz proizvoda, bilo da se radi o vlaknima, pređama, tkaninama ili gotovim odjevnim predmetima. Tehnološki proces sušenja primjenom toplinske energije provodi se putem medija za sušenje, koji može biti nezasićeni zrak, dimni plinovi ili pare. Sušenje je tehnološki složen, energetski zahtjevan i dugotrajan proces uklanjanja vlage iz materijala, pa ga je stoga neophodno je provesti u što kraćem vremenskom razdoblju uz minimalan utrošak energije, uz istovremeno očuvanje kvalitete tkanine. Najčešće metode poboljšanja obuhvaćaju procese sušenja s dodatnim zagrijavanjem zraka u sušnici, s višestupanjskim zagrijavanjem zraka, s optokom ili recirkulacijom, s povratom otpadne topline, tj. s regeneracijom te kombinacijom optoka i regeneracije topline. Postojeće konvencionalne sušare najčešće koriste električne grijače te stoga troše puno energije, pa se energetske uštede u kontinuiranim tekstilnim sušarama mogu postići prvenstveno prethodnim smanjenjem sadržaja vlage u tkanini mehaničkim postupcima, prije no što vlažna tkanina uđe u kontinuiranu sušaru. Ispitana je mogućnost energetskih ušteda na primjeru završne faze dorade u procesu mokre obrade tkanina, odnosno bojadisanja tekstilnih tkanina s posebnim osvrtom na proces sušenja u kontinuiranoj sušari. U radu su prikazani rezultati analize parametara godišnje uštede goriva u kontinuiranoj sušari s direktnim i indirektnim zagrijavanjem zraka. Energetske uštede goriva u postupcima sušenja u sušarama uz ugrađen sustav direktnog ili indirektnog zagrijavanja fluida, mogu se postići optimizacijom postojećih procesa. Analiza optimizacije indirektnog i direktnog sustava zagrijavanja fluida utvrdila je da je postupak sušenja s direktnim zagrijavanjem omogućuje znatnije uštede goriva te je stoga ekološki prihvatljivije.
Ključne riječi: procesi sušenja, toplinska energija, energetske uštede, sušare,

Abstract (english)

The drying process represents simultaneous heat and mass transfer and potential alteration in physical and structural properties of the material subjected to this process. In the textile industry, drying processes usually represents any process of moisture removing from the product, whether the products are fibres, yarn, fabric or finished clothing garments. The technological process of drying using thermal energy is carried out by a drying medium, in form of the unsaturated air, flue gases or steam. Drying is a technologically complex, energy-intensive and time-consuming process of removing moisture from the material, and thus it should be carried out as quickly as possible with minimal energy consumption, while preserving the fabric quality. The most common improving methods include drying processes with additional air heating in the dryer, multi-stage air heating, drying with circulation or recirculation, drying with regeneration, and combined drying with circulation and heat regeneration. Existing conventional dryers (stenters) are commonly equipped by electric heaters and thus tend to be highly energy consuming. With this in mind, the energy savings in continuous textile stenters can be achieved if the fabric moisture content is previously reduced by mechanical procedures, before the damp fabric enters the stenter. The possibility of energy savings was done on the example of the fabric finishing final stages in wet processing with special reference to the drying process in a continuous stenters. The paper presents the analysis of the parameters such as annual fuel savings in a continuous stenters in reference to direct and indirect air heating system. The fuel savings in dryers with direct and indirect air heating can be achieved by optimizing existing processes. Comparison of the optimization in indirect and direct air heating systems of stenters, revealed that the drying process with direct heating system is capable of achieving significant fuel savings and is therefore more environmentally friendly.

• Keywords: procesi sušenja; toplinska energija; energetske uštede; sušare; tekstilna industrija; ušteda goriva; optimizacija procesa sušenja
• Keywords (english): drying processes; thermal energy; energy savings; dryers; textile industry; fuel saving; drying process optimization
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:201:079225
• Study programme: Title: Textile Technology and Engineering; specializations in: Clothing Engineering, Textile Design and Management, Industrial Textile Design, Industrial Clothing Design, Textile Chemistry, Materials and Ecology, Textile Chemistry, Materials and Ecology; Course: Textile Chemistry, Materials and Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka tekstilne tehnologije i inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka tekstilne tehnologije i inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-10-07 12:17:10