Title Utjecaj obrade poliesterske tkanine kitozanom na sastav efluenta od pranja Author Marko Liplin Mentor Tanja Pušić (mentor)Committee member Branka Vojnović (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Tanja Pušić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Sandra Flinčec Grgac (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zorana Kovačević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-09-27, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Problematika otpuštanja čestica mikroplastike s poliesterskih tekstilija je tema koja zaokuplja pažnju istraživača iz raznih područja znanosti. Ovaj rad je načinjen u području tekstilne tehnologije, pri čemu je istražena modifikacija poliesterske tkanine u alkalnoj hidrolizi i kroz naslojavanje kitozana u svrhu procjene učinka obrada na sastav efluenta od cikličkih procesa pranja. Obradi kitozanom prethodila je alkalna hidroliza u dvije varijacije, bez i uz dodatak kationskog tenzida. Na neobrađenoj, alkalno hidroliziranoj i kitozanom obrađenim tkaninama provedena je analiza mehaničkih i fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava u svrhu procjene stupnja modifikacije površine. Na poliesterskim tkaninama prije i nakon modifikacije i cikličkog pranja standardnim deterdžentom na 60°C provedene su analize površine, pilinga, vlačnih svojstava, kvalitativni test na kitozan, prijenos vlage, te opipna svojstva. Prikupljeni efluenti nakon 5 i 10 ciklusa pranja su karakterizirani kroz parametre: pH, vodljivost, mutnoću, ukupnu čvrstu tvar, ukupnu otopljenu tvar, ukupnu suspendiranu tvar, kemijsku potrošnju kisika i biokemijsku potrošnju kisika. Nakon membranske filtracije tako prikupljenih efluenata dobiveni filtrati su analizirani mjerenjem pH, vodljivosti, mutnoće, kemijske i biokemijske potrošnje kisika. .Filtarski kolač je karakteriziran gravimetrijski i mikroskopom uparenim s infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom. Gotovo sve provedene metode i mjerni parametri su pokazali da je alkalna hidroliza poliesterske tkanine neophodna i dostatna pripremna faza za naslojavanje kitozana, te nije potrebno dodavati kationski tenzid u ulozi promotora u procesu predobrade. Na temelju dobivenih pokazatelja stupnja opterećenja efluenta i filtrata može se zaključiti da ih alkalno hidrolizirana poliesterska tkanina više kemijski i biokemijski opterećuje u odnosu na neobrađenu i kitozanom obrađenu poliestersku tkaninu. Kemijski i biokemijski stupanj opterećenja efluenta i filtrata od kitozanom obrađene alkalno hidrolizirane poliesterske tkanine je veći u odnosu na alkalno hidroliziranu s kationskim tenzidom. Biokemijsko opterećenje ovih efluenata potvrđuje činjenicu da se kitozan blago otpušta, a dinamika otpuštanja ovisi o stupnju predobrade. Površina filtra od staklenih vlakana s filtarskim kolačem od uzoraka obrađenih kitozanom ima manje fibrilaran karakter, što se može pripisati česticama kitozana otpuštenim s površine poliesterskih tkanina u procesu pranja, a ne česticama poliesterske tkanine. Kitozan naslojen na alkalno hidrolizirane poliesterske tkanine može zaštititi tkaninu i smanjiti otpuštanje fibrila, oligomera i inih oblika tekstilnog podrijetla u procesu pranja. Mikroskopska metoda uparena s FTIR-om ima bolji potencijal identifikacije kemijskog sastava otpuštenih čestica u odnosu na ostale primijenjene fizikalno-kemijske metode u ovom radu.
Abstract (english) The problem of the release of microplastic particles from polyester textiles is a topic that attracts the attention of researchers from various fields of science. This work was done in field of textile technology, where the modification of polyester fabric with alkaline hydrolysis and coating of chitosan was investigated in order to evaulate the effects of treatments on composition of effluents that originate from washing process. Treatment with chitosan was preceded by alkaline hydrolysis in two variations, without and with addition of cationic surfactant. An analysis of mechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out on untreated, alkaline hydrolyzed and chitosan-treated fabrics in order to assess the degree of surface modification. On polyester fabrics before and after modification and cyclic washing with a standard detergent at 60°C, analysis of the surface, peeling, tensile properties, staining test on chitosan, moisture transfer and touch properties were performed. Collected effluents after 5 and 10 washing cycles were characterized by parameters: pH, conductivity, turbidity, total solid matter, total dissolved matter, total suspended matter, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand. After membrane filtration of the thus collected effluents, the resulting filtrates were analyzed by measuring pH, conductivity, turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. The filter cake was characterized by gravimetry and microscopy coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Almost all implemented methods and measurement parameters showed that alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric is a sufficient preparatory phase for chitosan coating and it is not necessary to add cationic surfactant as promoter in the pretreatment process. On the basis of the obtained indicators of the degree of loading of effluent and filtrate, it can be concluded that alkaline hydrolyzed polyester fabric chemically and biochemically burdens them more than pristine and chitosan treated sample as well. The chemical and biochemical degree of loading of effluents and filtrates from chitosan treated alkaline hydrolyzed polyester fabric is higher compared to alkaline hydrolyzed polyester fabric with cationic surfactant. The biochemical loading of these effluents confirms the fact that chitosan is gradually released and the release dynamics depends on the degree of pretreatment. The glass fiber filter surface of filter cake obtained from chitosan treated polyester samples has a less fibrillar character, which can be attributed to the chitosan particles released from the surface of the polyester fabrics in the washing process, rather than the polyester fabric particles. Chitosan coated on alkaline hydrolyzed polyester fabrics can protect the fabric and reduce the release of fibrils, oligomers and other forms of textile origin in the washing process. The microscopy coupled with FTIR has a good potential for identifying the chemical composition of released particles compared to other physico-chemical methods applied in this research.
Keywords
poliesterska tkanina
alkalna hidroliza
kitozan
proces pranja
efluent
filtrat
filtarski kolač
identifikacija otpuštenih čestica
Keywords (english)
Polyester fabric
alkaline hydrolysis
chitosan
washing process
effluent
filtrate
filter cake
identification of released particles
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:201:371095 Study programme Title: Textile Technology and Engineering; specializations in: Clothing Engineering, Textile Design and Management, Industrial Textile Design, Industrial Clothing Design, Textile Chemistry, Materials and Ecology, Textile Chemistry, Materials and Ecology Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Closed access Terms of use Created on 2023-01-18 13:20:33
